Non-Oscillatory Hierarchical Reconstruction for Central and Finite Volume Schemes

This is the continuation of the paper "central discontinuous Galerkin methods on overlapping cells with a non-oscillatory hierarchical reconstruction" by the same authors. The hierarchical reconstruction introduced therein is applied to central schemes on overlapping cells and to nite volume schemes on non-staggered grids. This takes a new nite volume approach for approximating non-smooth solutions. A critical step for high order nite volume schemes is to reconstruct a nonoscillatory high degree polynomial approximation in each cell out of nearby cell averages. In the paper this procedure is accomplished in two steps: first to reconstruct a high degree polynomial in each cell by using e.g., a central reconstruction, which is easy to do despite the fact that the reconstructed polynomial could be oscillatory; then to apply the hierarchical reconstruction to remove the spurious oscillations while maintaining the high resolution. All numerical computations for systems of conservation laws are performed without characteristic decomposition. In particular, we demonstrate that this new approach can generate essentially non-oscillatory solutions even for 5th order schemes without characteristic decomposition.The research of Y. Liu was supported in part by NSF grant DMS-0511815. The research of C.-W. Shu was supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences while this author was visiting the University of Science and Technology of China (grant 2004-1-8) and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scienti c/Engineering Computing. Additional support was provided by ARO grant W911NF-04-1-0291 and NSF grant DMS-0510345. The research of E. Tadmor was supported in part by NSF grant 04-07704 and ONR grant N00014-91-J-1076. The research of M. Zhang was supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences grant 2004-1-8

Arbeit wird nicht knapper in den OECD-Ländern

Immer wieder wird die Meinung vertreten, den hochentwickelten Volkswirtschaften ginge die Arbeit aus. Diese These wird unter anderem mit dem arbeitssparenden technischen Fortschritt und der Verlagerung von Arbeitsplätzen in die Niedriglohnländer begründet. Die Beschäftigungsentwicklung in 19 OECD-Ländern zeigt, dass dies nicht zutrifft, sowohl die Erwerbstätigenzahl als auch das Arbeitsvolumen sind in den letzten 22 Jahren gestiegen.Beschäftigung, Arbeitskräfte, Kapazitätsauslastung, OECD-Staaten

Stress Analysis of Electrode Particles in Lithium-Ion Batteries

This chapter reviews several theoretical models that are used to compute the stress fields inside the electrode particles of lithium-ion batteries during discharging/charging process and provides a guideline for researchers to choose the appropriate models. Due to the limitation of the existing models, a general electrochemo-mechanical framework is presented to model the concentration and stress fields of the electrode during the phase transformation. The interaction between stresses fields and phase transformation is addressed, which is a novel discovery in the research of lithium-ion batteries. The electrodes with different sizes and geometries are compared. The structural and electrochemical advantages of hollow core-shell structure particles are highlighted. The present work could help to accurate predict stress profile in electrode particles with different sizes, geometries, and charging operations and contributes to finding the optimal electrode. Therefore, this chapter is helpful for the material and structure design of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries

The role of offensive metaphors in Chinese diplomatic discourse

This paper examines metaphors that are intended to express an offensive meaning in Chinese diplomatic discourse, and the role that these metaphors play in the discursive construction of the ascribed identities of various countries. It pays particular attention to the period between 1954 and 1966 and, in so doing, fills an important knowledge gap as historical Chinese political metaphors have been somewhat neglected in the field. This study of Chinese metaphors reveals that the source domains PERSONIFICATION, PERSON, ANIMAL and PERFORMANCE were most frequently used to evoke offence in the Chinese political arena. The way in which these offensive metaphors were deployed was dependent on the political situation at that time: for instance, the U.S. was constructed as a 'tough' political 'exploiter' who was supported by a 'band' of minor allies, India as an 'unreasonable' representative of the Americans while asserting non-alignment in diplomacy, and the Soviet Union as a 'cold-blooded' former friend of China. This historical study is significant for two main reasons. First, it presents the complex socio-political contexts that existed during 1954-1966 when China was undergoing diplomatic development and their influence on the pragmatic use of metaphors for delivering offence. Although some of the metaphors might appear to be outdated when compared with present-day Chinese political language, this change reflects developments in the global political situation and Chinese diplomatic language over the last number of decades. Second, the study highlights the cultural characteristics of Chinese metaphors and demonstrates their use in political discourse for persuading the Chinese public

Without crossing a border: Exploring the impact of shifting study abroad online on students’ learning and intercultural competence development during the covid-19 pandemic

While all higher education was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, study abroad programs were uniquely challenged by the associated restrictions and limitations. This case study integrates a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) pedagogy approach and virtual reality (VR) technologies into the curriculum redesign process to transform a business study abroad course into an online format. Using VR technology, U.S. students and their international partners in Germany, Brazil, and India created and shared cultural exchange virtual tours. The redesigned online study abroad course engaged students in active learning activities and cultivated students’ intercultural competence development

Impact of surface and subsurface-intensified eddies on sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a in the northern Indian Ocean utilizing deep learning

Mesoscale eddies, including surface-intensified eddies (SEs) and subsurface-intensified eddies (SSEs), significantly influence phytoplankton distribution in the ocean. Nevertheless, due to the sparse in situ data, understanding of the characteristics of SSEs and their influence on chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration is still unclear. Consequently, the study utilized a deep learning model to extract SEs and SSEs in the northern Indian Ocean (NIO) from 2000 to 2015, using satellite-derived sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) data. The analysis revealed that SSEs accounted for 39 % of the total eddies in the NIO, and their SST signatures exhibited opposite behaviour compared to SEs. Furthermore, by integrating ocean colour remote-sensing data, the study investigated the contrasting impacts of SEs and SSEs on Chl a concentration in two basins of the NIO, the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB), known for their disparate biological productivity. In the AS, SEs induced Chl a anomalies that were 2 to 3 times higher than those caused by SSEs. Notably, there were no significant differences in Chl a anomalies induced by the same type of eddies between summer and winter. In contrast, the BoB exhibited distinct seasonal variations, where SEs induced slightly higher Chl a anomalies than SSEs during the summer, while substantial differences were observed during the winter. Specifically, subsurface-intensified anticyclonic eddies (SSAEs) led to positive Chl a anomalies, contrasting the negative anomalies induced by surface-intensified anticyclonic eddies (SAEs) with comparable magnitudes. Moreover, while both subsurface-intensified cyclonic eddies (SSCEs) and surface-intensified cyclonic eddies (SCEs) resulted in positive Chl a anomalies during winter in the BoB, the magnitude of SSCEs was only one-third of that induced by SCEs. Besides, subsurface Chl a induced by SSAEs (SSCEs) is ∼0.1 mg m−3 greater (less) than that caused by SAEs (SCEs) in the upper 30 (50) m using Biogeochemical Argo profiles. The distinct Chl a between SEs and SSEs can be attributed to their contrasting subsurface structures revealed by Argo profiles. Compared to SAEs (SCEs), SSAEs (SSCEs) enhance (decrease) production via the convex (concave) of the isopycnals that occur around the mixed layer. The study provides a valuable approach to investigating subsurface eddies and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of their influence on chlorophyll concentration.</p